Company / CIK 0000004127
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC.
- Ticker
- SWKS
- Size, estimated from filings
- Mid cap ($2B – $10B)
- Insiders on file
- 17
- Members of Congress who traded it
- 3
- Federal contracts on record
- none matched
- Lobbying filings on record
- none matched
- SEC filings
- EDGAR ↗
- Latest trade on record
- October 12, 2026
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. (SWKS) has 17 insiders on file who disclosed 110 transactions in the last 12 months (0 open-market buys, 27 sales, about $16.8M at reported prices), and 4 congressional trades in its stock are on record. No federal contract award that started in the last 180 days was found for a recipient with exactly this name; no lobbying filing names it as client this year.
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. in charts
Who is trading this stock
Which people account for the buying and selling over the last 12 months?
8 people account for the disclosed buying and selling in SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. over the last 12 months; the most active is BRUGGEWORTH ROBERT A with $13M.
Insiders
| Name | Role | Rows | Bought | Sold | Last filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koopmans Chris | President and COO | 2 | 0 | 0 | October 16, 2026 |
| CLEMMER RICHARD L | Director | 2 | 0 | 0 | October 13, 2026 |
| BRUGGEWORTH ROBERT A | Director | 3 | 0 | 1 | October 13, 2026 |
| Guerin Eric | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | October 8, 2026 |
| Givens Jason K | SVP, Gen. Counsel & Secretary | 12 | 0 | 1 | October 7, 2026 |
| Carter Philip Matthew | SVP & Chief Financial Officer | 4 | 0 | 1 | September 9, 2026 |
| BEEBE KEVIN L | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 27, 2026 |
| SCHRIESHEIM ROBERT A | Interim CFO | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 21, 2026 |
| Turcke Maryann | Director | 5 | 0 | 0 | May 15, 2026 |
| Batey Alan S. | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 15, 2026 |
| KING CHRISTINE | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 15, 2026 |
| McBride Suzanne E. | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 15, 2026 |
| David P McGlade | Director | 3 | 0 | 0 | May 15, 2026 |
| Kasnavi Reza | EVP, Chief Ops & Tech Officer | 19 | 0 | 8 | November 20, 2025 |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SVP, Gen. Counsel & Secretary | 19 | 0 | 8 | November 20, 2025 |
| BRACE PHILIP G | CEO and President | 6 | 0 | 2 | November 13, 2025 |
| Durham Karilee A | SVP, Human Resources | 17 | 0 | 6 | November 13, 2025 |
Rows are this company's Form 4 rows for each person. "Bought" and "sold" count open-market purchases (code P) and sales only. More in insider buying and insider selling.
Members of Congress who traded SWKS
From periodic transaction reports that name the company's stock. Amounts are the sums of the ranges as filed. Every row is on the SWKS page.
| Member | Seat | Trades | Bought | Sold | Range as filed | Latest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. | Representative (CA, District 31), Democrat | 2 | 1 | 1 | $2,002–$30K | February 10, 2026 |
| Alan Armstrong | Senator (OK), Republican | 1 | 1 | 0 | $1,001–$15K | March 27, 2026 |
| Tommy Tuberville | Senator (AL), Republican | 1 | 0 | 1 | $1,001–$15K | May 8, 2024 |
Insider transactions
| Filer | Security | Side | Trade date | Disclosed | Lag | Shares | Price | Value | Flags | Source | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRUGGEWORTH ROBERT A | SWKS | Other A | October 12, 2026 | October 13, 2026 | 1d | 1,722 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| CLEMMER RICHARD L | SWKS | Other A | October 12, 2026 | October 13, 2026 | 1d | 1,722 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Koopmans Chris | SWKS | Other A | October 12, 2026 | October 13, 2026 | 1d | 1,722 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Koopmans Chris | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 5,913 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 9,219 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 1,282 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 576 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 1,155 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 5,995 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 3,967 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 10,056 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 6,686 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 3,496 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 1,818 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Sell F | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 3,909 | $84 | $328K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Givens Jason K | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 42,311 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BRUGGEWORTH ROBERT A | SWKS | Sell F | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 149,555 | $84 | $12.5M | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BRUGGEWORTH ROBERT A | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 409,175 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| CLEMMER RICHARD L | SWKS | Other A | October 5, 2026 | October 7, 2026 | 2d | 6,153 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Carter Philip Matthew | SWKS | Option / conversion M | September 8, 2026 | September 9, 2026 | 1d | 9,917 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Carter Philip Matthew | SWKS | Sell F | September 8, 2026 | September 9, 2026 | 1d | 5,046 | $75 | $380K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Carter Philip Matthew | SWKS | Option / conversion M | September 8, 2026 | September 9, 2026 | 1d | 9,917 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Turcke Maryann | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Turcke Maryann | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Turcke Maryann | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| SCHRIESHEIM ROBERT A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| SCHRIESHEIM ROBERT A | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| SCHRIESHEIM ROBERT A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| David P McGlade | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| David P McGlade | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| David P McGlade | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| McBride Suzanne E. | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| McBride Suzanne E. | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| McBride Suzanne E. | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| KING CHRISTINE | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 4,071 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| KING CHRISTINE | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 4,129 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| KING CHRISTINE | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 4,071 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Guerin Eric | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Guerin Eric | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Guerin Eric | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BEEBE KEVIN L | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| BEEBE KEVIN L | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| BEEBE KEVIN L | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Batey Alan S. | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Batey Alan S. | SWKS | Other A | May 13, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 2d | 3,724 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Batey Alan S. | SWKS | Option / conversion M | May 14, 2026 | May 15, 2026 | 1d | 3,664 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Turcke Maryann | SWKS | Option / conversion M | February 17, 2026 | February 18, 2026 | 1d | 692 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Turcke Maryann | SWKS | Option / conversion M | February 17, 2026 | February 18, 2026 | 1d | 692 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell S | November 19, 2025 | November 20, 2025 | 1d | 4,445 | $62 | $277K | 10b5-1 plan | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell S | November 19, 2025 | November 20, 2025 | 1d | 500 | $62 | $31K | 10b5-1 plan | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell S | November 19, 2025 | November 20, 2025 | 1d | 6,656 | $62 | $415K | 10b5-1 plan | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell S | November 19, 2025 | November 20, 2025 | 1d | 676 | $62 | $42K | 10b5-1 plan | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 17,429 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 1,014 | $69 | $70K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 1,996 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 28,467 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 1,296 | $69 | $89K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 2,552 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 15,105 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 919 | $69 | $63K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 1,808 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Carter Philip Matthew | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 20,334 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 87,145 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Sell F | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 1,934 | $69 | $133K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Other A | November 11, 2025 | November 13, 2025 | 2d | 3,808 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,008 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 3,632 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,020 | $69 | $70K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,008 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,845 | $69 | $127K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 3,632 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,439 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 4,410 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,239 | $69 | $86K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,439 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,240 | $69 | $155K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 4,410 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,362 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,256 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 692 | $69 | $48K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,362 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 1,146 | $69 | $79K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 10, 2025 | November 12, 2025 | 2d | 2,256 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 3,693 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 3,596 | $70 | $250K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Other A | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 7,079 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 1,876 | $70 | $131K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 3,693 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 4,476 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 4,358 | $70 | $303K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Other A | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 8,581 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 2,273 | $70 | $158K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 4,476 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 2,294 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 2,234 | $70 | $155K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Other A | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 4,396 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 1,165 | $70 | $81K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 7, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | 3d | 2,294 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 3,387 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Sell F | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 1,720 | $73 | $126K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| TERRY ROBERT JOHN | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 3,387 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 4,742 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Sell F | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 2,408 | $73 | $177K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Kasnavi Reza | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 4,742 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 2,935 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Sell F | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 1,491 | $73 | $110K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| Durham Karilee A | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 2,935 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 10,921 | — | — | derivative | Form 4 ↗ | |
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Sell F | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 5,546 | $73 | $407K | Form 4 ↗ | ||
| BRACE PHILIP G | SWKS | Option / conversion M | November 5, 2025 | November 7, 2025 | 2d | 10,921 | — | — | Form 4 ↗ |
Federal contracts (USAspending, awards started in the last 180 days)
No contract award starting in the last 180 days was found for a recipient named exactly "SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC.". Subsidiaries and differently-spelled recipients are not matched — search contracts.
Lobbying (Senate LDA, as client)
No LDA filing posted since October 2025 names "SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC." as the client. Filings under a subsidiary or trade-association name are not matched — search lobbying.
Related companies
Companies whose stock was traded by the same people who traded SWKS, by number of filers in common. It shows overlap in public filings and nothing else.
- NETFLIX INC NFLX 3 filers in common
- ADOBE INC. ADBE 3 filers in common
- ELI LILLY & Co LLY 3 filers in common
- Accenture plc ACN 3 filers in common
- CHEVRON CORP CVX 3 filers in common
- PROCTER & GAMBLE Co PG 3 filers in common
- HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC HON 3 filers in common
- PayPal Holdings, Inc. PYPL 3 filers in common
Guides for this page
- What is SEC Form 4? Who files: officers, directors and owners of more than 10% of a class of the company's shares.
- Insider buying vs insider selling Selling outweighs buying by a wide margin in normal times.
- What disclosure data cannot tell you Filings are late by design: up to 45 days for Congress, two business days for insiders.
Sources and method
| Source | Filings | Rows | First filed | Newest filed | Read the originals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House Clerk, periodic transaction reports | 2 | 2 | February 13, 2026 | March 9, 2026 | House Clerk search |
| Senate eFD, periodic transaction reports | 2 | 2 | July 21, 2026 | August 5, 2026 | Senate eFD search |
| SEC EDGAR, Form 4 | 34 | 110 | November 7, 2025 | October 13, 2026 | Form 4 list on EDGAR |
Site built October 22, 2026. Every row in the tables above links to its own filing. To quote a figure, use the Cite button at the top of the page; see how to cite and reuse.
Insiders and their transactions come from SEC EDGAR Form 4 filings for this issuer. Contracts and lobbying are matched by exact normalized name (suffixes like Inc./Corp. ignored) to USAspending recipients and LDA clients — a conservative match that misses subsidiaries on purpose. See methodology and corrections.
Not investment advice. Public records shown as filed; no recommendation is made or implied.